# Engineering That Changed the World Part of the Engineering Merit Badge Digital Resource Guide: [Introduction & Overview](https://merit-badge.university/merit-badges/engineering/guide/index.md) *2. Great Engineering Achievements* > **2.** Select an engineering achievement that has had a major impact on society. Using resources such as the internet (with your parent or guardian's permission), books, and magazines, find out about the engineers who made this engineering feat possible, the special obstacles they had to overcome, and how this achievement has influenced the world today. Tell your counselor what you learned. The Golden Gate Bridge almost wasn't built. Critics said San Francisco Bay's powerful tides, howling winds, and thick fog made a suspension bridge impossible at that location. Chief engineer Joseph Strauss and structural engineer Charles Ellis spent years proving them wrong — designing a bridge that could flex 27 feet sideways in high winds while supporting the weight of six lanes of traffic. When it opened in 1937, it was the longest suspension span in the world. Every great engineering achievement has a story like this — ambitious people overcoming obstacles that others called impossible. ## Choosing Your Achievement Pick an engineering feat that genuinely fascinates you. The best choice is something you want to learn more about, not just something easy to research. Here are ideas across different engineering fields: ### Structural & Civil Engineering - **Hoover Dam** — Tamed the Colorado River during the Great Depression - **Brooklyn Bridge** — First steel-wire suspension bridge, built 1869–1883 - **Channel Tunnel** — 31-mile rail tunnel under the English Channel - **Panama Canal** — Connected two oceans through miles of jungle and rock ### Aerospace & Transportation - **Apollo 11 Moon Landing** — Put humans on the Moon with 1960s technology - **The Wright Flyer** — First powered, controlled aircraft - **Interstate Highway System** — 48,000 miles of road that transformed American life - **The Space Shuttle** — First reusable spacecraft ### Electrical & Digital - **The Electric Power Grid** — Delivers electricity to billions of people - **The Internet** — Connected the world's computers into one network - **The Transistor** — The tiny switch that made modern electronics possible - **GPS (Global Positioning System)** — Satellite-based navigation for everyone ### Other Fields - **The Artificial Heart** — Biomedical engineering keeping people alive - **The Haber Process** — Chemical engineering that feeds half the world - **Water Purification Systems** — Environmental engineering that prevents disease > **Tip** > > Avoid picking something too broad (like "electricity" or "the computer"). Choose a specific project or invention so you can tell a focused story with real people, real obstacles, and real impact. ## What to Research Your counselor will expect you to cover three areas. Here is how to approach each one. ### The Engineers Behind It Every great achievement has names behind it — and the stories behind those names are often fascinating. - **Who led the project?** Find the chief engineer, lead designer, or key inventor - **What was their background?** How did their education and experience prepare them? - **Who else contributed?** Major engineering achievements are team efforts — look for other key contributors - **What personal challenges did they face?** Many famous engineers overcame significant obstacles. Washington Roebling, who supervised the Brooklyn Bridge construction, was paralyzed by decompression sickness and directed work from his apartment window using a telescope. ### The Obstacles They Overcame This is often the most interesting part. Every major engineering project hits problems that seem unsolvable at first. - **Technical obstacles** — Materials that didn't exist yet, forces no one had calculated before, environments too extreme for existing technology - **Financial obstacles** — Projects running over budget, losing funding, having to prove economic viability - **Natural obstacles** — Geography, weather, geological surprises, environmental challenges - **Human obstacles** — Political opposition, labor disputes, safety concerns, public skepticism > **Be Prepared! When Your Research Hits a Wall** > > You start researching and find only basic Wikipedia-level information. What now? > > - **Go deeper**: Search for the specific engineer's name plus "biography" or "challenges" > - **Try different sources**: Engineering magazines, university websites, PBS or History Channel documentaries, and books often have details that general websites miss > - **Look for primary sources**: Letters, speeches, and technical papers from the engineers themselves reveal obstacles they faced in their own words > - **Ask a librarian**: Reference librarians are trained to help you find specialized information — and they enjoy the challenge ### Impact on the World Today Connect the achievement to modern life. How would the world be different without it? - **Direct impact** — What does this achievement enable today? (e.g., the internet enables global communication, e-commerce, remote work) - **Indirect impact** — What technologies or industries grew because of it? (e.g., the transistor led to computers, smartphones, and the entire digital age) - **Ongoing influence** — Is the original achievement still in use, or did it inspire newer versions? ## Organizing Your Presentation When you tell your counselor what you learned, structure your presentation like a story: 1. **Hook** — Start with a surprising fact or dramatic moment from the project 2. **The Vision** — What were the engineers trying to accomplish and why? 3. **The People** — Who were the key engineers and what made them qualified? 4. **The Obstacles** — What nearly stopped the project? How were problems solved? 5. **The Result** — What was achieved, and how did it change the world? 6. **Your Takeaway** — What impressed you most? What engineering principles did you learn? > **Did You Know?** > > The Haber-Bosch process — an engineering method for converting nitrogen from the air into ammonia for fertilizer — is estimated to support the food supply for roughly half the world's population. Without this single chemical engineering achievement, billions of people alive today could not be fed. ![A panoramic illustrated scene showing iconic engineering achievements — a large suspension bridge, a rocket launch pad, and a hydroelectric dam — set against a dramatic sky](https://ik.imagekit.io/doulacoop/tr:w-800/mbu-assets/merit-badges/engineering/guide/great-engineering-achievements-montage?v=32f14e55) ![A teenager in a Scout uniform at a library table surrounded by open books, a laptop showing a bridge diagram, and handwritten notes with sketches, actively researching an engineering topic](https://ik.imagekit.io/doulacoop/tr:w-800/mbu-assets/merit-badges/engineering/guide/engineer-research-process?v=67b95443) [National Academy of Engineering — Greatest Engineering Achievements](https://www.nae.edu/63221/Greatest-Engineering-Achievements-of-the-20th-Century): The National Academy of Engineering's list of the 20 greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century, with detailed descriptions of each. --- - Previous: [Investigating a Manufactured Item](https://merit-badge.university/merit-badges/engineering/guide/req1/index.md) - Next: [Six Fields of Engineering](https://merit-badge.university/merit-badges/engineering/guide/req3/index.md)