Req 4 — Bleeding Wounds
4.
Bleeding Wounds. Describe the symptoms and signs of, show first aid for, and explain prevention of these wounds:
Keep this page simple: know how serious the bleeding is, control it fast, and protect against infection.
Nosebleed
4a.
Describe the symptoms and signs of, show first aid for, and explain prevention of A nosebleed..
- Signs: blood from the nose, usually after dry air, irritation, or a bump.
- First aid: sit up, lean forward, pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes.
- Prevention: avoid nose picking, use moisture in dry air, and protect the face during sports.
Mild or moderate bleeding
4b.
Describe the symptoms and signs of, show first aid for, and explain prevention of An open wound with mild or moderate bleeding, such as a scratch or a scrape (abrasions), or a shallow cut (laceration)..
- Signs: steady bleeding from a scrape, scratch, or shallow cut.
- First aid: use gloves, apply direct pressure, rinse clean, and cover with a bandage.
- Prevention: handle sharp tools carefully and wear protective gear.
Severe bleeding
4c.
Describe the symptoms and signs of, show first aid for, and explain prevention of An open wound with severe bleeding such as a deep cut on an arm or leg..
- Signs: heavy bleeding, soaking dressings, spurting blood, or signs of shock.
- First aid: call 911, press hard with both hands, add dressings on top if soaked.
- Prevention: use knives, axes, and saws safely, and wear proper gear.
Tourniquets
4d.
Explain when it is appropriate and is not appropriate to use one or more tourniquets. List some of the benefits and dangers of using a tourniquet. Demonstrate the application of a tourniquet without tightening it.
- Appropriate: life-threatening bleeding from an arm or leg when direct pressure is not enough.
- Not appropriate: mild bleeding or wounds on the head, neck, chest, abdomen, groin, or armpit.
- Benefits: can stop deadly limb bleeding fast and buy time until EMS arrives.
- Dangers: very painful, can damage tissue if used wrong or left too long.
- Demo basics: place high and tight on the limb, avoid joints, secure it, and note the time.