Req 7c — Cards & Their Costs

Three Cards, Three Different Rules

They all look like small plastic rectangles (or digital versions on your phone), but charge cards, debit cards, and credit cards work very differently. Understanding these differences is one of the most practical financial skills you can have.

Debit Card

A debit card is connected directly to your bank account. When you swipe it, the money comes out of your account immediately — like paying with cash, but electronically.

Pros:

• You can only spend money you actually have
• No interest charges
• Easy to track spending (transactions show in your bank app)
• Widely accepted

Cons:

• No borrowing power — if your account is empty, the card will not work (or you will be hit with overdraft fees)
• Less fraud protection than credit cards in some cases
• Overdraft fees can be steep ($35 per transaction is common) if you accidentally spend more than your balance

Credit Card

A credit card lets you borrow money from the card issuer (usually a bank) every time you make a purchase. At the end of each billing cycle (usually monthly), you receive a statement showing what you owe. If you pay the full balance by the due date, you pay no interest. If you carry a balance, interest starts accumulating.

Pros:

• Builds credit history (important for Requirement 7d)
• Strong fraud protection — you are not liable for unauthorized charges
• Rewards programs (cash back, points, miles)
• Can handle emergencies when you do not have cash available

Cons:

• High interest rates (typically 18–28% APR)
• Easy to overspend because the money does not feel “real”
• Minimum payments are a trap (more on this below)
• Late payment fees and penalty rates

Charge Card

A charge card looks and works like a credit card, with one important difference: you must pay the full balance every month. There is no option to carry a balance and make minimum payments.

Pros:

• Forces responsible spending — you cannot accumulate debt
• No interest charges (because you pay in full each month)
• Often comes with premium rewards and benefits

Cons:

• Must pay the full balance monthly — no flexibility
• Hefty fees if you miss a payment
• Usually requires excellent credit to qualify
• Annual fees are common

The Minimum Payment Trap

This is one of the most important concepts in this entire badge. Credit card companies require only a small minimum payment each month — usually about 2% of your balance or $25, whichever is greater. This sounds convenient, but it is designed to keep you in debt for as long as possible.

Here is why making only the minimum payment is a terrible idea:

Example: $1,000 credit card balance at 20% APR

By paying only the minimum, you pay $566 in interest — more than half the original purchase price. That $1,000 item actually costs you $1,566.

Costs and Pitfalls to Watch For