Req 7b3 — Types of Nordic Skis

Nordic skiing covers several distinct disciplines, and each uses equipment designed for that specific style of movement and terrain.

Classic Skis

Classic skiing uses a diagonal stride — one ski pushes back as the other glides forward, like walking or running. Classic skis have a kick zone under the foot (the middle third of the ski). When you kick down, this zone grips the snow and propels you forward. When you glide, the ski rides on its tip and tail sections.

• Waxable classic skis have a smooth base in the kick zone that you apply grip wax to, matched to snow temperature.
• Waxless (no-wax) classic skis have a patterned fish-scale texture in the kick zone that grips mechanically — no wax required. More convenient; slightly less efficient.
• Width: Relatively narrow for groomed track skiing.
• Boot/binding: Low-cut, flexible boot; NNN or SNS binding is common.

Skate Skis

Skate skiing uses a side-to-side motion similar to ice skating — you push off the inside edge of one ski and glide on the other, alternating sides. Skate skis are shorter and stiffer than classic skis and have no kick zone.

• Requires a groomed, packed trail surface (cannot be used in deep snow).
• Much faster than classic skiing on groomed trails.
• Higher cardio demand — skate skiing is extremely aerobic.
• Boot/binding: Stiffer boot with more ankle support than classic; usually NNN skate binding.

Touring Skis (Backcountry / Off-Track)

Touring skis are wider and more durable than groomed-trail skis. They are designed for travel in untracked snow, forest trails, and backcountry routes where there is no grooming.

• Width: Significantly wider (50–75mm at waist) for flotation in soft or deep snow.
• Metal edges: Many touring skis have metal edges for control on steep icy terrain.
• Bindings: 75mm three-pin or NNN-BC (backcountry) bindings are common; some use touring bindings designed for heavier use.
• Boots: Sturdier, more supportive boots than groomed-trail options.

Telemark Skis

Telemark skiing uses a free-heel binding similar to Nordic gear but the technique is used for alpine-style descents on downhill slopes and backcountry terrain. The telemark turn is characterized by a dropped knee — the back leg bends deeply as you carve the turn.

• Telemark skis are closer in width and stiffness to Alpine skis than to groomed-trail Nordic skis.
• They are used in lift-accessed ski resorts (with the lift but no heel lock on the descent) and in backcountry touring.
• The combination of Nordic climbing efficiency (free heel going up) and Alpine-style descending ability makes telemark popular with backcountry adventurers.

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